Einstein first proposed the cosmological constant in 1917 to [supposedly] solve a problem in the Theory of General Relativity. He believed that the Universe was static, but it was necessary to explain why matter did not collapse due to gravitational attraction. 

An Annular Solar Eclipse happens when the Moon is further away from our planet than usual and aligned between the Sun and Earth, — partially or perfectly aligned — making the apparent size of the natural satellite seem smaller from our point of view. 

As a result, the sunlight is visible on the outer edges around the Moon, making it look like a ‘ring of fire’.

It is a hypothesis formulated in the article “Phantom Energy and Cosmic Doomsday”, published in 2003,  about how the Universe could come to an end.

They are possible signatures of life on a planet's atmosphere. Earth has a rich atmosphere in chemical elements such as Oxygen and Methane, those particles also affect the incoming sunlight, which scatters and absorbs in a different way when compared to planets without life forms.

It is a class of rocky planets defined by its size.

They are regions of the Galaxy made of accumulated gas, dust and plasma. Their mainly chemical elements are Hydrogen and Helium. Hydrogen is its primary component, present in a variety of states, depending on the characteristics of each cloud.

Earth has 1,335 ZL of water - 1 zettaliter (ZL) equals 1 billion km³ of water . In October 2020, NASA announced the discovery of liquid water on the Moon, but this is not the only place in the Solar System where it has already been found. Europa, one of dozens of moons that orbit Jupiter, has ice on its surface and evidence of a vast underground ocean.

What cotton candy and a rare type of exoplanets have in common? The answer is density. This type is called super-puff or puffy planets, characterized by being composed mostly of Hydrogen and Helium — and having an atmospheric layer of methane. The density of this type of planet is 0.1g/cm³, which is almost equal to the density of cotton candy.

Do you know who named the cosmic model known as Big Bang? Fred Hoyle (1915-2001) accidentally coined the term during an interview for BBC, on March 28th 1948, and was (ironically) known to oppose such theory. He suggested that the Universe was in a steady and immutable state — this theory was refuted after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background  in 1965.

They are formed by elementary particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons. In Ancient Greece, Leucippus and Democritus had been searching for an explanation for the Universe's origin. Their theory suggested that the principle of everything was something indivisible and indestructible — in greek, atom means “something that cannot be divided”.